Monroe County is responsible for over 680 miles of roads, 137 bridges, over 2,800 pipes and over 4,000 traffic signs and signals. The Highway Department staff reports directly to the Monroe County Board of Commissioners.

The Monroe County Highway Maintenance Department is responsible for maintenance of all county roads and drainage systems. The department's specific functions include street resurfacing, snow removal, fleet maintenance of all county owned vehicles, street sweeping, dust and vegetation control, chip and sealing, grading gravel roads, and sign maintenance.

The responsibilities of the Highway Engineering Department include infrastructure design, traffic signals and signs, pavement markings, major capital improvements, driveway and utility permits and all drainage. The Engineering Department also has administration duties associated with the Monroe County Traffic Commission, Monroe County Drainage Board and provides support to various other commissions.